PORT PHILLIP BAY


Tiger Flathead 

Platycephalus richardsoni Castelnau, 1872

View scientific description and taxonomy

Scientific Details

Meristics.
Dorsal fin spines/rays: VIII-IX; 14
Anal fin spines/rays: 14
Caudal fin rays: 15
Pectoral fin rays: 17-21
Ventral fin spines/rays: I, 5
Lateral line: 64-74

Interpreting fin count meristics.
Spines are in Roman numerals and soft rays are in Arabic numerals. Spines and rays that are continuous in one fin are separated by a comma. Fin sections are separated by semicolons.

Detailed descriptions of fin count and other meristics are in:
Gomon. M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) (2008) Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Order level detail.
A diverse group of bottom-dwelling fishes with a bony ridge, or stay across the cheek connecting the bones under the eye with the gill cover. Most species have spines projecting from bony ridges on the head and some have spines projecting from the gill cover. Many species are well-camouflaged ambush predators, often with elaborate cirri, filaments, leaf-like appendages and spiny ridges enhancing their camouflage. Scales are present or absent. Gurnards (also called searobins) have a pair of rostral spines projecting from the snout, large colourful wing-like pectoral fins and crawl over the bottom on their finger-like pelvic-fin rays. Many species have venomous spines.

Family level detail.
Small to large elongate bottom-dwelling fishes with large flattened heads covered in bony ridges and short spines, two dorsal fins positioned close together, and broad pectoral and pelvic fins. These well-camouflaged ambush predators live on sandy or muddy bottoms in estuaries, bays and coastal waters, often burying themselves in the substrate. Flatheads are fished commercially and recreationally throughout their range, and have venomous spines for protection.

Taxonomy

Phylum:
Chordata
Subphylum:
Craniata
Superclass:
Gnathostomata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Scorpaeniformes
Family:
Platycephalidae
Genus:
Platycephalus
Species:
richardsoni

General Description

Head large, flattened with low, mostly spineless ridges, mouth large with greatly enlarged canines on jaws, gill cover with two strong, similar-sized spines at angle. Grey-brown above with many small reddish orange spots, and often several large greyish blotches along midsides, pale below; fins spotted, tail mostly dusky, especially on outer middle part, pale near base, with a few small faint dusky blotches dorsally. To 65 cm.

Biology

An extremely important commercial species, and very popular with anglers in Port Phillip (Victoria) over summer. Their fins spines are venomous.

Habitat

Bays and along the coast, on sandy and silty bottoms, in depths of 10-160 m.

Soft substrates

Distribution guide

South-eastern Australia.

Species Group

Fishes › Flatheads

Depth

Shallow (1-30 m)
Deep ( > 30 m)

Water Column

On or near sea floor

Max Size

65 cm

Diet

Carnivore

Harmful

Venomous spines can inflict mild to severe pain.

Commercial Species

Yes

Global Dispersal

Native to Australia

Identify

Conservation Status

  • DSE Advisory List : Not listed
  • EPBC Act 1999 : Not listed
  • IUCN Red List : Not listed

Author

article author Bray, D.J.

Di Bray is a Senior Collection Manager of ichthyology at Museum Victoria.

Author

article author Gomon, M.F.

Dr. Martin Gomon is a Senior Curator of ichthyology at Museum Victoria.

citation

Cite this page as:
Bray, D.J. & Gomon, M.F., 2011, Tiger Flathead, Platycephalus richardsoni, in Taxonomic Toolkit for marine life of Port Phillip Bay, Museum Victoria, accessed 25 Jun 2018, http://portphillipmarinelife.net.au:8098/species/6507

Text: creative commons cc by licence